考研英语一阅读精讲2005text3

Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”

31.  Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.

[A] can be modified in their courses

[B] are susceptible to emotional changes

[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears（A）

[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs

题目类型：细节题   解题方案：技巧+定位

A选项：为正确答案

B选项：命题方式：推论命题法

B选项定位没有问题，但是dream和 emotional thermostat是从属关系，而并不是相互作用关系，所以B选项错误，而且thermostat也并非是change所以B选项有两处错误喔！

C选项：命题方式：定位命题法

我们定位点是NOW之后，而并非前面，因为题干中有come to believe近来发现

D选项：命题方式：定位错误

NOW之前的全部错误，D排除

Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.

32.  By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show ________.

[A] its function in our dreams

[B] the mechanism of REM sleep

[C] the relation of dreams to emotions（C）

[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex

题目类型：提问类题目   解题方案：技巧+阅读能力

A选项：命题方式：推论命题法

文中对于边缘系统的描述只局限于叙述他是什么，也就是他的一个定义，选项将定义推论成功能，所以function应然而生

B选项：命题方式：凭空添命题法

与A不同的是，B选项根本没有介绍REM，连定义都没有下，所以我们无从推论，他的机制更加无从得知

C选项：为正确答案

D选项：命题方式：主旨命题法

CD两个选项二选一，我们就要知道文中主旨命题法则了，因为D选项其实是没有问题的，文中也提到了他们两个不同，因为一个是活跃的一个是休眠的，所以存在difference,但是我们从全文角度来看，全文介绍的是梦，那为什么提到这两个专有名词呢？显然是存在与梦有关的联系，我们仔细想

我们在睡觉的时候

一个脑区活跃（文中的边缘系统，控制情感）

一个脑区休眠（文中的另一个系统，控制理智）

那我们为什么要写脑区活跃的系统呢，显然大家要问为什么做梦的时候人家都休眠就你活跃呢？所以后文要研究的就是，脑区活跃的系统=代表情感=情感和梦的关系，所以D选项排除

The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.

33.   The negative feelings generated during the day tend to ________.

[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind

[B] develop into happy dreams

[C] persist till the time we fall asleep（D）

[D] show up in dreams early at night

题目类型：细节题  解题方案：技巧+定位

A选项：命题方式：凭空添变化命题法

文中提及The negative feelings，但只是介绍，并没有任何变化，所以A选项说加剧，凭空添变化，直接排除

B选项：命题方式:比较级命题法

文中是变成happier one，而选项中并没有比较级，直接排除

C选项：命题方式：时间命题法

属于持续性动词命题，破解方法就是我们看它持续到的时间点

文中：晚上会有消极情绪，醒来之前消极情绪会消失

选项：说持续到我们入睡之前，消极情绪都会存在；

这个感觉好像数学题，晚上-醒来之间消极情绪都有可能存在，他什么时候消失文中 并未提及，所以选项随便找了一个时间点来命题，也是错误使然。

D选项：为正确选项

And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.

34.  Cartwright seems to suggest that ________.

[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams

[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control

[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression（D）

[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious

题目类型：细节题   解决方案：技巧+定位

A选项：命题方式：状语命题法

文中：稍微起来一下就能控制梦

选项：及时起来才能控制梦

选项中添加了状语，文中并没有表达出时间快慢，所以这个属于凭空添副词，A选项排除

B选项：命题方式：主旨相反命题法

文中说是想象一个好的方面来控制坏梦

选项：想象坏梦来控制坏梦

B选项直接排除

C选项：命题方式：主旨相反命题法

文中：梦是可控的

选项：梦只能是一种自然的前进

选项指的是不可控，与主旨相反,C排除

D选项：为正确答案

At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.

35.  What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?

[A] Lead your life as usual.

[B] Seek professional help.

[C] Exercise conscious control.（A）

[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.

题目类型：回答类题目  解决方案：定位+阅读水平

A选项：为正确答案

B选项：命题方式：定位命题法

文中定位的应该是有时做噩梦的人怎么办，我们回答的应该是棕色部分，B选项排除

C选项：命题方式：常识命题

比较简单的一类命题手段，文中说应该给什么建议，命题人就随便想了一个，多读书多看报少吃零食多睡觉，从中挑了一个多多练习，作为选项应然而生。

D选项：命题方式：名词命题法则

文中：我们会遇到很多不确定的事情，增加了人们的焦虑

选项：我们应该避免焦虑

这也是我个人非常喜欢用的迷惑大家的方法，将本来就让大家下意识觉得我们应该采取的解决方案，放在作者头上，这样的迷惑效果简直可观！